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v 3 Sheets-Sheet 1'. W. J. KEEP.

' Base Burning Stove. I v

I Patented May 3, 1870.

3 h Sh I L KEEP. 8 gets eat 2 Base Burning Stove.

Patented May 3, 1870 Fig.3.

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I Witnesaes N. VETERS. Phnlo-uthwpiphur. Wauhinflun. D C.

3 SheetsSheet 3. W. J. KEEP.

Base Burning Stove. 4 I No. 102,682. Y Patented May 3,1870.

Witnesses attai it.

WILLIAM J. KEEP, OF TROY, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 102,682, dated May 3, 1870.

BASE-Enemies srovn.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

Tofall whom it may concern Be it known that 1, WILLIAM J. KEEP, ofTroy, in the county of Rensselaer and in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments inBase-bnrnihg Stores for Bituminous Coal; and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and. exact description thereof, reference being had to'the accompanying drawings making a part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a vertical central section of my improved stove, on the line a: a: of fig. 2; 4

Figure 2 is a plan view of the'npper side of the same;

Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 are horizontal cross-sections, on the line 3 z, y andz, respectively, of fig. 1

Figure 7 is a like view to that shown in fig. 1, with the addition thereto of a direct flue from the magazine to the exit-pipe;

Figure 8 is a modification of the foregoing, in whiclf the magazine is entirely exposed; and

Figure 9 shows the application of the base-burning principle to a cooking-stove.

Letters of like name and kind refer tolikc parts in each of the figures.

M yinvention is designed to produce amore perfect combustion of bituminous coal'and'ofthe gases given ,off from the same, when burning, than has hitherto been possible; and "to this end It consists, principally, in a stove using the downward draught, and having a fire-pot supplied with fuel from amagazine, contracting the lower end of said fire-pot for the purpose of concentrating the gases, as is hereinafter shown.

Further, in a stove using the downward draught, the employment of a fire-pot having its lower end contracted, in combination with a suitable device'for sustaining the cokev placed immediately beneath said firepot, substantially as is hereinafter shown and described. l

Further, in a store using the downward draught, the admission of air tov the base of a column of incl, by means of 'one or more annular openings or lines, zulzlstantially as and for the purpose hereinafter specie Further, in the employment of an annular fine-at the ,contracted end of the ,fire-pot, as is hereinafter set fort 1.

Further, in a stove using the downward draught, compelling the air required for 'feeding'the'fire to pass between the magazine and smoke-flue or combustionchamber, so that the heat'radiated fromthe latter shall not pass into theformer, as is hereinafter set forth. Further, in the employment of a circular damper,

, in combination-with the flue or fines through which air is' admitted to the fire-pot, substantialiy as is here inafter -shown and described.

Furtheiyin the employment, between the combustion-chamber and ash-box of 'a stove, of a partition containing suitable openings, which m. y be closedwhen desired by means of corresponding slides. or valves, substantially as hereinafter shown.

Further, in the construction and arrangement of the hereinaiter-described aslnsift-ing device, substantially as shown and specified.

In the annexed drawingi A represents the magazine, consisting of a'cylinder of sheet or cast metal, the-sides whereof extenddownwardin parallel lines to within a'short distance of its lower end, and from thence flare outward at such an angle as to prevent the fuel contained therein from becoming wedged when expanded by the heat, and

also to cause such expansion to force said fuel downward. It is intended that the upper end of the magazine shouldbe provided with a suitable opening for the admission of fuel, which opening, when not in use, may be closed by a cover in the 'n'sual manner.

The magazine is suitably suspended within a cylindrical casing B, theupper portionof which is straight, while toward its lower end it flares outward fora short distance at an angle of about forty-five degrees; from thence extends vertically downward, and then draws inward beneath the magazine until its lowenend, which is open, has about two-thirds the size of the upper portion of said magazine.

The npper end of the casing B is connected to the top plate 0, while its lower portion is secured in position, laterally, by means of a second casing, D, which,

beingalso connected at its-upper end to said top plate 0, extends downward, outside of said casing B, and hasits lower-end secured to and upon the upper flaring portion thereof. l

The outer casing or shell E, having the same general form and relative proportions as the inner casing B, is connected at its upper end to the top plate 0, and from thence extends downward, so as to inclose the l1ereinbefore-mentioned parts, and has' its lower contract-ed end secured to the upper side of a square base, 1*.

Four or more pipes G, passing through the walls of the shell E and easing D, hold the latter firmly in position, and also admit air/to the lower end of the space H between said casing and the inner casing B,-

from whence, passing upward, it escapes thronghaseriesof small openings, 0, withiathe top-plate-C.

Secured to the outer side of the magazine A, immediately below the upper end of the flaring portion a, is the inner edgeiot' an annular ring of metal, I, the outer edge of which, in turn, has secured thereto and supportsthe upper portion of an inner shell, K,

as soon as said air is unitedtherewith.

which from thence ezttends downward, and then inward, at angles corresponding to those of the casing 13, so as to leave between it and said casing a narrow annular space or flue, k.

The ring I has resting loosely thereon a second ring, I, and both are provided with a series of openings, 11, which, by revolving said loose ringI', may be caused to correspond, so as to permit the air to pass freely from above through said rings, or, by a like change of the loose ring, said openings may he closed so as to exclude the air.

Two concave annular-plates L, corresponding in inward and downward inclination with the casingBand shell K, are secured in position at points equidistant from each other, saidshell, and the lower'end a of the magazine, so as to form three narrow annular flues I, like that hereinbefore described, It, opening from without said magazine into the space M, between the lower end of the same and the lower end of the easing B, which space forms the fuel or fire-chamber.

A conical deflector, N, or other equivalent 'device, held in position immediately below the open end of the fuel-chamber M, by means of a vertical standard, a, resting upon and secured to a horizontal partition, 0, extending across the base I and the exit-pipe P extending horizontally outward from the shell E, completes the principal features of the device, the operation of which is as follows:

The cover inclosing the upper end of the magazine being removed, a sufficient quantity of kindlings, charcoal, &c., to fill the fire-chamber is introduced and ignited, a small quantity of coal added, and the magazine closed.

The air passing downward through the space I), between the casing B and the magazine, enters'thc fuelchamber M through the annular fines k and I, in a sutficient quantity to supply the requirements of combustion, after which, with the heated escaping gases, it passes through the lower end ofsaid fuel-chamber against the deflector N, by which it is thrown toward the outer sides of the combustion-chamber Q, andfrom thence, passing upward through the flue 0, between the shell E and easing D, escapes from the stove through the exit-pipe P. V

The coal being sufiiciently ignited, the magazine is filled, and thenceforth no attention is required, except to regulatethe degree of combustion, replenish the fuel, and remove the ashes.

As thus constructed, air is admitted to the base only of the column of coal contained in the magazine, and, as from'the manner 'of its admission, only the lowest stratum of coal is consumed, the supply and formation of gas is constant.

The air entering through the annular flues l is sufficient to cause active combustion of the coal and to cut away the coke as-rapidly as formed, while such air as passes through the lower flue It meets and unites with the descending current of gas given off from the burning coal, so as to ,insure the perfect combustion of the same. It will be readily seen, therefore, that while th e quantity of air. admitted 'to' the fuel-chamher may be varied at will or entirely out ofi, a steady current must be caused to pass through the flue It, as

otherwise the gases given .ott' from the coal after the supply of air thereto ceased, would not be consumed, smoke would he formed, and carbon deposited.

To insure the desired result, the flue k is at all times open, while the fines I can be closed at will by means of the damper 1'.

The situatioiiof the fine 7:, nextto the combustionchamber, gives the air passing through a sufiiciently high temperature to render certainthe perfect combustion of thegases given 011' from the burning coal An her. fl'ect produced by the contiuuous current magazine from becoming heated, and, so etfectuallyis this result accomplished, that the coal contained I the-rein can at any time be removed with the unprogular bars, It, having a breadth of base a little more than equal to thewidth of the openings, and asomewhat greater length than the same, is connected together by means of a seriesof rods S, secured at a. right angle with and at equidistant points .upon the upper edges thereof, so that, when suitably adjusted, said bars R shall entirely close the openings o,or at other times shall leave them entirely unobstructed.

The elevation of the rods Sis such as to bring them immediately beneath the lower end of the outer casing E, in which position they serve to retain any coal that might accidentally fall from the fuel-chamber, while, at the same time, allowing the ashes to pass freely through. A suitable rod, 8, passing through the wall of the base furnishes a means for giving to the sitting devices a reciprocating movement in aliue at a right angle to that of the opening 0, and, by alternately opening and closing the latter, causes the ashes to pass through into the lower part of the base.

In starting the fire, it maybe desirable to cause an upward fig 7, passing from theecntral portion of the magazine A through the casings B and D, so as to furnish a direct communication between said magazine and the flue c, would accomplish the desired result..

A'valve, t, placed at the outer end of the flue T, or at any other point deemed best, would enable the latter to he closed, and the draught turned downward, when desired. i i

In figJS is shown another form of stove, in which is employed the base-burning princple involvedinthat hereinbefore described,

In this stove the cylindrical magazine A is entirely within the open air, its lower end being supported at the top line of the combustion-chamber 1*, which has here a different shape from that before shown.

One or more flucs l COIIlllllllllCMilIlgWVlhll the base of the column of' fuel contained within the magazine, a flue, k, for furnishing a supply of air to the gas, and a deflector, N, are provided, as in the former instance, while the exit-flue}? is placed upon the top and at one side of the combustion-chamber.

In fig. 9 is shown a stove for cooking purposes, -in which the fuel-chamber M is so constructed as to in cline to the rear only, and thereby enable the back plate f of the combustion-chamber F to perform the office of deflector.

This stove possesses many new and advantageous features, among which arei First, the contracted end of th'efuel-chamber, by means of which the gases given off from the burning coal are concentrated, and thereby their heat rendered more intense, instead of being spread out in a thin aunular sheet, as in other stoves in which the downward draught is used.

Second, the means employed for supplying air to the fuel and to the gases. given off from the same not only insures the perfect combustion of both, but also carries the ashes formed ,downward into the combustionchamber, soas' to keep the fuel-chamber and fire at alltimes clean, and rake the fireselt operating w ile 1e agazine, is s pplied with fuel. In ddition taught, in which event a flue, T, shown in the above, the continuous current of air passing downward around the magazine keeps the latter cool, and thereby renders more easy the confining of the fire to the base of the column of coal.

Third, the construction of the ash-sifting devices enables the removal of ashes from the store without in the slightest degree interfering with the fire, or, as in other stoves, permitting a rush of cool air into'the combustion-chamber, and, by lowering the temperature of the gases contained therein, cause the production of smoke.

Fourth, by means of the flue H the heating capacity of thestove is at least forty per cent. greater than would otherwise be the case.

Having thus fully set forth the nature and merits of my invention,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

In astove using the downward draught, and having a fire-pot supplied with fuel from a magazine, contracting the lower end of said fire-pot, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Also, in a stove using the downward draught, the employment of a fire-pot having. a contracted lower end, in combination with a suit-able device for sustaining the coke placed immediatly beneath said .fire-pot, substantially as shown and for the purpose described.

Also, in a stove using the downward draught, the admission of air to the base of a column of fuel by means of one or more annular flues l, substantially as shown and for the purpose set forth;

Also, the employment of the annular flue k at the the purpose specified.

pelling the air for feeding the tire to pass between the into the former, substantially as shown and for the purpose described.

Also, in combination with the flue or fines Z, the circular damper I, constructed and arranged to operate substantially as and for the purpose shown.

Also, the employment, between the combustionchamber and the ash-box, of apartition containingsuitable openings, which may be closed when desired by means of corresponding slides or valves, substantially as shown and for the purpose specified. I

Also, the hereinbefore-described ash-sifting device, consisting of the bars R, the rods S, and the partition 0, provided with the openings 0, substantially as set' forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing, I have hereunto set my hand this 29th day-of- January, 1870.

\Vitnesses:

WILLIAM KELLY, B. MAcGnneon.

,VILLTAM J. KEEP.

lower end of the fire-pot M, substantially as and for p Also, in a stove using the downward draught, commagazine and smoke-flue or combustion-chamber, so that the heat. radiated from the latter shall not pass. 

